I would like to begin this time by taking a big step backward. Let me explain that sometimes we writers send in our copy to meet deadline and then in the weeks that follow sometimes come up with something better. Such a thing happened to me since last issue.
Last time we looked at a short machine code program (as listing 2) that among other things used ROM calls to draw round post-it-notes I call portholes. Now ordinarily using ROM code is a good idea because it saves the programmer from having to write routines that already exist, which saves RAM space. But what kept sticking in my craw was how slow the ROM code drew those portholes. Then an idea hit me that I figured would do the job a little quicker. But it involved (gulp) scrapping some code I had already sent in and had published last issue. I knew such thoughts would bring a fire storm of mail from all those loyal typists who had finally got it all entered.
Well I tried out my new route to quicker portholes and found that it meant more code: almost a half K more! But when I ran it and saw the SPEED, I knew I had to do it, come what may. The old code drew a porthole with a shadow and all in just over 4 seconds. So to draw 1000 portholes would take about an hour and ten minutes. The new code will draw 1000 portholes in 58.8 SECONDS. Can you blame me?
This new code appears as Listing 1. Also included are 448 bytes (lines 1485 through 1500) which include all the graphic info for CLASSY’s seven window styles. Once these 1164 bytes of code are in place, we can use the demo program in Listing 2 to do portholes and windows! Two samples are found in Figure A and B.
As always, pay close attention to the line numbers in these listings and SAVE your efforts. Sooner or later we can all have a MERGE party and put the whole 5K CFE together! Remember to scrap Listing 2 of last time in favor of Listing 1 this issue. However, don’t scrap the other Listings of last issue. Listing 1 is fine and Listing 3 only needs some changes (these are detailed in Figure C).
Windows are facinating and out of twenty or more good ones I came up with, the seven included in the program were the top vote getters. The demo will use BASIC to draw them and labels each A through G, because this is how the program ultimately will address them. They have names, too, although I’m open to change if anyone has better titles. For now they are A) Avery, B) Standard, C) Conventioneer, D) Notebook, E) Cloth Frame, F) Gaudy, and G) Parchment.
The windows use the top left corner as placement coordinates, but portholes don’t have any corners, let alone an upper left corner. So portholes use a near-center set of coordinates, which the demo prints out. The spot is marked on one porthole in Figure A.
The big secret to speed was to forego the ROM CIRCE routines and instead PRINT the paterns needed with a call to the ROM’s simple printing routine using RST 10h. This puts the CHR$ code in the A register to any spot on the screen. “But the 2068 has no characters like those!”, you say? Its true, but the machine code tricks the 2068 into looking elsewhere for its character table by putting another address in CHARS, 2 memory locations at 23606 and 23607. If you should BREAK while running the demo, and CHARS has not been reset, the screen will look like arabic, cuneiform or worse. Type in GO SUB 4150 and it will restore CHARS giving you Sinclair english back again.
If space permits next time, we will look at restoring what was under the last window we drew — a complex subject indeed! Until then fool with these programs and let me know if you discover anything. As always, if data entry isn’t worth the eye-strain, I’ll be happy to send you the complete version of Windows & Portholes as is available on a tape of three most requested programs (called Jazzofire: $9.95ppd) or with eight most requested (called Bingham’s Best+: $12.95ppd). Please write to Paul Bingham, PO Box 2034, Mesa, AZ 85214. And keep those 2068s up and running.
Listing 1
1 REM window & porthole code
5 FOR t=55000 TO 56163: READ
o: POKE t,o: NEXT t: DATA 213,19
7,229,245,217,8,213,197,229,245,
17,216,214,33,3,4
10 DATA 125,1,3,15,185,40,5,12
,16,250,24,10,124,1,4,25,185,40,
6,12,16,250,33,10,16,34,118,92
1360 DATA 1,8,168,62,0,189,40,8,
60,245,120,145,71,241,24,245,120
,217,71,217,65,62,0,203,68,40,1,
129,203,33,203,44,16,245
1370 DATA 217,79,197,217,235,209
,229,1,112,0,9,126,254,128,40,16
,131,79,35,126,130,71,35,229,213
,205,62,38,209,225,24,235,35,233
1380 DATA 237,24,238,24,239,25,2
0,24,21,24,19,25,18,26,17,27,16,
27,230,16,231,16,231,17,231,18,2
7,16,26,17,26,18,25,19,24,20,24,
21
1390 DATA 231,235,230,236,231,23
6,229,237,230,237,231,237,229,23
8,230,238,231,238,228,239,229,23
9,230,239,231,239,24,236,24,237,
25,238,26,239
1400 DATA 239,228,237,229,238,22
9,239,229,236,230,237,230,238,23
0,239,230,234,231,235,231,236,23
1,237,231,238,231,239,231,16,229
,16,230,17,230,17,231,18,231,18,
231,128
1410 DATA 37,1,36,0,9,229,62,2,2
05,48,18,42,118,92,62,35,148,103
,62,27,149,111,69,76,205,20,9,1,
157,3,225,34,54,92,9,233
1420 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.,0,1,6
,24,32,192,3,12.,63,192,0,0,31,2
24,0,0.,255,0,0,0,255,0,0,0.,128
,112,12,3,0,224,28,3
1430 DATA 12,24,48,97,194,132,13
6,8.,16,96,128,0,0,0,0,0.,130,65
,32,16,8,4,4,2.,7,6,14,12,28,24,
56,56.,16,32,32,64,64,128,128,12
8
1440 DATA 1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0.,16,8,
136,132,68,66,66,34.,49,113,113,
97,226,226,226,226.,34,33,33,17,
17,17,17,17.,226,226,226,226,226
,225,241,241
1450 DATA 17,17,17,17,33,33,34,3
4.,248,120,120,124,60,62,30,31.,
128,128,64,64,32,16,8,4.,0,0,0,0
,1,1,2,2.,68,68,132,136,8,16,16,
32.,132,194,225,240,248,252,255,
127
1460 DATA 0,0,0,192,32,24,6,129.
,0,0,0,0,0,1,6,24.,4,8,16,32,193
,2,12,24.,224,248,252,255,127,31
,7,0.,240,15,0,0,224,255,255,127
1465 DATA 1,254,0,0,0,255,255,25
4.,224,1,7,31,252,240,192,0
1470 DATA 1,6,24,32,96,224,224,2
24.,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.,224,224,2
24,224,224,224,224,224.,224,24,6
,1,1,1,1,1.,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1.,1,1
,1,6,28,248,240,192.,224,224,224
,248,254,127,31,7.,0,0,0,0,0,255
,255,255
1475 DATA 63,32,239,232,232,232,
232,232.,255,0,255,0,0,0,0,0.,23
2,232,232,232,232,232,232,232.,2
55,1,253,5,5,5,5,5.,5,5,5,5,5,5,
5,5.,5,5,5,253,1,255,252,252.,23
2,232,232,239,224,255,255,255.,0
,0,0,255,0,255,255,255
1480 DATA 1,6,8,16,49,98,228,228
.,255,0,0,255,0,0,0,0.,228,228,2
28,228,228,228,228,228.,224,24,4
,194,34,17,9,9.,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9.
,17,34,194,4,24,240,224,128.,226
,241,240,120,126,63,31,7.,0,0,25
5,0,0,255,255,255
1485 DATA 0,0,7,12,20,52,212,212
.,14,19,253,1,7,15,9,6.,212,212,
212,212,212,212,212,212.,0,0,255
,1,1,1,1,1.,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1.,1,1
,255,2,254,4,252,248.,212,212,21
5,208,223,192,255,255.,0,0,255,0
,255,0,255,255
1490 DATA 0,63,42,250,230,254,22
5,255.,0,255,170,170,170,170,170
,255.,225,255,225,255,225,255,22
5,255.,0,254,170,174,178,190,194
,254.,130,254,130,254,130,254,13
0,254.,130,254,178,174,170,254,2
48,248.,225,255,230,250,234,255,
255,255.,255,170,170,170,170,255
,255,255
1495 DATA 123,196,192,202,192,23
5,66,202.,219,36,0,170,0,255,0,0
.,194,234,66,202,226,74,194,202.
,239,17,1,169,2,233,33,41.,33,41
,34,41,33,42,33,41.,33,233,2,169
,1,17,255,222.,194,235,64,202,19
2,196,255,247.,0,255,0,170,0,36,
255,183
1500 DATA 7,62,82,209,209,255,12
6,12.,255,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.,14,28,1
5,30,4,14,28,28.,240,30,9,9,9,30
,56,32.,16,48,64,32,16,16,32,32.
,16,30,9,9,9,30,248,192.,14,62,8
2,209,209,254,127,15.,0,0,0,0,0,
0,255,255
1510 DATA 62,33,215,62,34,215,62
,35,215,62,36,215,42,136,92,37,6
2,5,133,111,229,193,205,20,9,62,
37,215,62,38,215,6,3,62,32,215,1
6,251
1520 DATA 62,39,215,42,136,92,37
,62,7,133,111,229,193,205,20,9,6
2,40,215,62,41,215,6,4,62,32,215
,16,251,62,42,215,62,43,215,42,1
36,92,37
1530 DATA 62,8,133,111,229,193,2
05,20,9,62,44,215,6,6,62,32,215,
16,251,62,45,215,42,136,92,37,62
,8,133,111,229,193,205,20,9,62,4
6,215
1540 DATA 6,6,62,32,215,16,251,6
2,47,215,42,136,92,37,62,8,133,1
11,229,193,205,20,9,62,48,215,62
,49,215,6,4,62,32,215,16,251,62,
50,215
1550 DATA 62,51,215,42,136,92,37
,62,7,133,111,229,193,205,20,9,6
2,52,215,62,53,215,62,32,215,62,
32,215,62,54,215,62,55,215,42,13
6,92,37
1560 DATA 62,5,133,111,229,193,2
05,20,9,62,56,215,62,57,215,62,5
8,215,62,59,215,209,33,0,60,34,5
4,92
2000 DATA 241,225,193,209,8,217,
241,225,193,209,201
w&p code's CKT: 1 35 4134 5 191 12997 10 254 9470 1360 316 14902 1370 324 17922 1380 350 13450 1390 337 18640 1400 405 21936 1410 328 13780 1420 343 11514 1430 361 12625 1440 372 17577 1450 443 17274 1460 360 14160 1465 147 6871 1470 576 25950 1475 590 28714 1480 585 26567 1485 582 25449 1490 640 39847 1495 607 29426 1500 577 20849 1510 353 15345 1520 362 15768 1530 353 16789 1540 360 16511 1550 355 16329 1560 260 11815 2000 109 5932
Figure C; Changes to Listing 2 of last issue:
- Lines 1200, 1210 & 1270 are fine & can be left intact.
- Lines 1240 and 1280 should be omitted.
- Lines 1205 and 1240 below are new and should be added.
- Lines 1220, 1230, 1250 & 1260 need to be altered. See the altered lines below to see how they should look.
Figure C
1205 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,255
1220 DATA 151,18,126,254,80,40,4
,254,112,32,6,62,1,18,35,24,9,25
4,82,40,93,254,114,24,87,35,126,
214,48,203,87,32,107,71,198,1,16
,252
1230 DATA 229,213,213,33,9,0,25,
22,0,95,25,235,225,35,115,35,114
,209,225
1240 DATA 35,126,254,61,32,81,22
9,213,225,35,126,35,102,111,229,
26,254,1,32,23,213,225,1,185,0,9
,229,1,166,0,9,233,225,58,118,92
,119,35
1250 DATA 6,70,24,13,6,68,24,9,6
,69,24,5,6,71,24,1,225,86,213,24
,6,72,24,248,0,0,0
1260 DATA 62,0,205,48,18,62,69,2
15,62,82,215,62,82,215,62,79,215
,62,82,215,62,32,215,120,215,62,
44,215,241,254,13,40,1,215,205,9
,32,56,2511205 155 3926 1220 352 16029 1230 178 8606 1240 355 17204 1250 236 8343 1260 364 18944
Listing 2
3000 CLS : LET l=55000: FOR t=1
TO 44: PRINT "@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@";
: NEXT t
3010 LET x=RND*28: IF x<4 THEN G
O TO 3010
3020 LET y=RND*17: IF y<3 THEN R
ANDOMIZE : GO TO 3010
3030 POKE l+14,y: POKE l+15,x: L
ET k=USR l
3040 PRINT AT y,x-2;INT (y+.5);"
,";INT (x+.5): IF INKEY$="2" THE
N GO TO 4000
3050 GO TO 3010
4000 LET x=0: LET y=0: LET chars
=23606: GO SUB 4160
4010 FOR g=108 TO 60 STEP -8
4020 PRINT AT y,x;CHR$ g;
4030 FOR h=x+1 TO x+18: PRINT CH
R$ (g+1);: NEXT h: PRINT CHR$ (g
+3)
4040 FOR h=y+1 TO y+14: PRINT AT
h,x;CHR$ (g+2);"
";CHR$ (g+4): NEXT h
4050 PRINT AT y+15,x;CHR$ (g+6);
: FOR h=x+1 TO x+18: PRINT CHR$
(g+7);: NEXT h
4060 PRINT CHR$ (g+5)
4090 LET d=((g-60)/8+65): GO SUB
4150: PRINT AT y+4,x+6;"WINDOW
";CHR$ d;AT y+9,x+3;"Press any k
ey": IF d<>65 THEN PRINT AT y+10
,x+2;"for next window.": GO SUB
4160: GO TO 4110
4100 PRINT AT y+10,x+6;"to STOP.
": GO SUB 4160
4110 IF INKEY$="1" THEN GO SUB 4
150: GO TO 3000
4120 IF INKEY$="" THEN GO TO 411
0
4130 LET x=x+2: LET y=y+1: NEXT
g
4140 GO SUB 4150: STOP
4150 POKE chars,0: POKE chars+1,
60: RETURN
4160 POKE chars,221: POKE chars+
1,214: RETURNw&p demo's CKT: 3000 61 6288 3010 37 3295 3020 39 3635 3030 34 3576 3040 65 6062 3050 12 1190 4000 53 4413 4010 31 2137 4020 10 1869 4030 56 4790 4040 80 6465 4050 71 5872 4060 14 1134 4090 197 15682 4100 46 3679 4110 31 2924 4120 18 1931 4130 29 2742 4140 14 1434 4150 41 3440 4160 44 4446
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